Sprezzatura - Definition and Examples

The rehearsed spontaneity, studied carelessness, and well-practiced naturalness that underlies persuasive discourse. (The opposite of sprezzatura is affectazione--affectation.) The Italian word sprezzatura was coined by Baldassare Castiglione in The Book of the Courtier (1528): [T]o avoid affectation in every way possible . . . and (to pronounce a new word perhaps) to practice in all things a certain Sprezzatura [nonchalance], so as to conceal all art and make whatever is done or said appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it. Examples and Observations: Float like a butterfly; sting like a bee.(Muhammed Ali)And all you got to do is act naturally.(Morrison and Russell, Act Naturally)It takes a great deal of experience to become natural.(Willa Cather, interview in the Bookman, 1921)A good style should show no sign of effort. What is written should seem a happy accident.(W. Somerset Maugham, The Summing Up, 1938)Writers are not mere copyists of language; they are polishers, embellishers, perfecters. They spend hours getting the timing right--so that what they write sounds completely unrehearsed.(Louis Menand, Bad Comma. The New Yorker. June 28, 2004)In the presidential debates, everything that the candidates say will have been carefully rehearsed including the ad lib remarks. . . . What a candidate has to do is to memorize the answers to a bunch of questions and know how to look sincere. As a TV producer said, If you can fake sincerity, youve got it made.(Molly Ivins, 1991) Thomas Hardy on Calculated Carelessness The whole secret of a living style and the difference between it and a dead style lies in not having too much style--being, in fact, a little careless, or rather seeming to be, here and there. It brings wonderful life into the writing...Otherwise your style is like worn halfpence--all the fresh images rounded off by rubbing, and no crispness or movement at all.It is, of course, simply a carrying into prose the knowledge I have acquired in poetry--that inexact rhymes and rhythms now and then are far more pleasing than correct ones.(Thomas Hardy, notebook entry in 1875, quoted by Norman Page in Art and Aesthetics. The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy, ed. by Dale Kramer. Cambridge University Press, 1999) Cicero on Artful Artlessness When Cicero recommends to the orator a kind of studied nonchalance, he does not mean it as a general rule, to be applied to all types of rhetorical performance; the term appears in the context of a discussion of a specific variety of rhetoric, namely the plain style  ... Castiglione appropriates from Cicero the notion of artful artlessness, as well as its seductive effect: that the audience, finding what it beholds ... is incited to suspect, and desire, the presence of something more than what is actually seen.(David M. Posner, The Performance of Nobility in Early Modern European Literature. Cambridge University Press, 1999) The Inherent Ambiguity of Sprezzatura As dissimulation or artfulness, sprezzatura, like irony, is inherently ambiguous and equivocal. This ambiguity necessarily introduces the question of the audience, for to be successful the courtier must conceal his artfulness, but for it to be appreciated as sprezzatura, his concealment must be perceived.(Victoria Kahn, Humanism and the Resistance to Theory. Rhetoric and Hermeneutics in Our Time: A Reader, ed. by Walter Jost and Michael J. Hyde. Yale University Press, 1997) Rehearsed Spontaneity Being prepared is the key to rehearsed spontaneity in public speaking. Before making a remark, pause and look up like you are searching for something to say. The audience will think you are creating the humor on the spot.   (Scott Friedmann, Public Speaking: Laws of Humor) The Appearance of Effortless Mastery Whether they have designed clothes, written poetry, composed operas, built public squares, painted for popes, hewn marble, or sailed the fathomless seas, many Italians of genius have placed a premium on achieving an appearance of effortless mastery, or sprezzatura, that is attained only by costly, concentrated effort and unremitting labor. In the end, says Giorgio Armani, the most difficult thing to do is the simplest thing.   (Peter DEpiro and Mary Desmond Pinkowish, Sprezzatura: 50 Ways Italian Genius Shaped the World. Random House, 2001) The Gimmick of Straight Talk At the same time that his campaign was beholden to television, [Richard] Nixon was to denounce the medium and other media manipulations. Said the Nixon media strategy guide: [T]he sophisticated candidate, while analyzing his own on-the-air technique as carefully as an old pro studies his swing, will state frequently that there is no place for public relations gimmicks or those show business guys in this campaign.​  (Neal Gabler, Life the Movie: How Entertainment Conquered Reality. Alfred A. Knopf, 1998) Pronunciation: SPRETT-sa-toor-ah or spretts-ah-TOO-rah

Correctional Facilities And A Safe Environment For Both...

It is critical that correctional facilities have proper polices and procedures in place to ensure a safe environment for both the inmates and the staff of the facility. According to the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ), â€Å"Over 10,000 ex-prisoners are relased from America’s state and federal prisons every week and arrive on the doorsteps of our nation’s communities† (â€Å"Prisoners and Prisoner Re-Entry, para 1). Understanding and knowing what works within a facility can mean life or death. It is also important that society understands that these inmates will most likely re-enter society. How they react when they re-enter the community is dependent upon what they learn and how they are treated within the facility where they are housed. Correctional facilities and leaders create and test programs to make the transition into society easier for the inmate. The Federal Bureau of Prisons have reentry programs where the inmates learn skills that will be come crucial when they are job searching once released, writing a resume, and actually holding the job once they have accomplished it (Reentry Programs, para 2). Some inmates have no family or friends to support them because of their incarceration, which leaves them hopeless and homeless once they leave the facility. This paper will examine effective programs that are in place, and recommendations that will increase the effectiveness of correctional facilities and reduce recidivism of inmates with these programs. This topic ofShow MoreRelatedStructure of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections1604 Words   |  7 Pagesunder a function organization structure within state government that clearly separated services provided into two primary categories: prisons and parole services with both categories reporting to the agency Director. 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But the issues come when inmates are housed in solitary confinement for long, extended periods of time that we see the effects it has on those inmates and how it can be seen as torture and inhumane for those enduring such cruel environments. Solitary Confinement used to Control Many prisons through the world use solitary confinement as a form of control for prison inmates that are out of controlRead MoreThe Implications Of The Criminal Justice System Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagessystem, such as in relation to correctional personnel, the inmate population, and the community. Prison, as many sociologist see it, is a total institution. Total institutions, as defined in our text, Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer by Curt T. Griffiths, are â€Å"correctional institutions, psychiatric hospitals, and other facilities characterized by highly structured environment in which all movements of the inmates or patients are controlled 24 hours a day by staff† (p. 245). The personnel in theseRead MoreFederal Prison Comparison Paper1771 Words   |  8 PagesAlderson Federal Prison Camp, which is a minimum security facility, located in Alderson West Virginia. Martha Stewart and Peter E. Bacanovic her former Merrill Lynch and Company broker, whose conviction charge of conspiracy, obstruction of justice and lying to federal investigators about her ImClone System Inc., Stock. The sentencing for each of these defendants netted five months a piece in prison. The judge informed them that they could both stay free on bail during the application process for anRead Mor eThe Old Public Health Model1546 Words   |  7 Pagesand/as Public Health. Prison and Inmates as Vectors of Health in the New Public Health Era. The Case of Canadian Penitentiaries† focuses on structural elements that explain the use of correctional health care in the prison setting today and how this plays a role in the broader public health strategies in the outside community. 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Restoration comed Essay Example For Students

Restoration comed Essay William Wycherley`s The Country Wife is a typical Restoration comedy; its main agenda is sex and how to find it. Not only sex, but STD`s, bed-swopping, adultery and whoring. The ancient critic William Archer once described it as the most bestial play in all literature. This did not frighten Laurence Boswell (director), his production of Wycherley`s debauched farce animated and enhanced the rife innuendo. The tale itself is not unusual in its interlacing of complicated plots and sub-plots. Horner (Patrick Robinson), notorious libertine, begins rumours that he has returned from France a eunuch. As the story spreads he is allowed unreserved access to all the wives of `honour` in London with the full consent of their unknowing husbands. Meanwhile the old fornicator Pinchwife ( Karl Johnson) has acquired a country wife (Sara Crowe) and unable to suppress his jealousy, he endeavours to keep her away from fashionable society. He does not have such control over his sister, Alithea (Jaye Griffiths), who intents to slight her genuine admirer and marry the foolish `wit`, Sparkish. Despite the variety of under-currents, Horner himself is at the centre of disruption and will stop at nothing in his devious quest for women, particularly the country wife. Though initially difficult to follow, the cast literally grabbed the play round the throat and mastered it uniquely. Set in modern London with fabulously outrageous costumes and stage, Boswell brought the hilarity of the Restoration to the context of the present day. The set, white and mobile, presented a canvas for the brightly attired actors and made the performance practically addictive. It sped along with such swiftness that it didn`t betray its length, a rather sore three hours. The characters themselves were a gaggle of camp, hammed up imbeciles, the portrayal of which created the hilarity of the performance. Sparkish (Crispin Redman), in particular, tickled the audience with his foppish stupidity and tin tin hairstyle. The big names Robinson and Crowe tackled the comedy effortlessly, transporting the sexual innuendo across the centuries as if the Restoration had been last week. The Country Wife is a shriek of genius, though much of its success is probably due to the quality of the actors appearing in it. The play only runs in Sheffield until Saturday 15th of November, but catch it sweeping the pox far and wide on a tour of Britain. Top tip: it`s probably best to leave Gran at home.  Deception and disguise, classic elements of comedy, are found in both William Wycherlys The Country Wife and Richard Steeles The Conscious Lovers. These devices rely on gaps of knowledge between different characters, or between characters and the audience, of a persons true identity, but the true natures of the two plays characters are very different. The Country Wife is a typical stage comedy; most of the characters, including the protagonist, are humorous, flawed people who wish to hide their faults from others. The Conscious Lovers is a sentimental comedy, in which, according to Oliver Goldsmith, the virtues of private life are exhibited, rather than the vices exposed (491). The good guys have no vices either to expose or hide; they are without flaw or stain, exemplars of virtue for the audience, and distance themselves from deception, all of which aims to have the right couples marry. Each play treats disguise in a manner consistent with the moral atmosphere; in The Country Wife, it is accepted as yet another human foible, whereas The Conscious Lovers seeks to eliminate and condemn it. Deception is prevalent in The Country Wife. Lady Fidget, Dainty Fidget, and Mrs. Squeamish value their reputations as respectable women, but only because reputation keeps them from being suspected. While they sleep with Horner, they maintain their appearances as virtuous women to their husbands and the rest of the world. In public, they act as their names would imply, but in private they carouse with Horner and even use honor as a euphemism for sex. They trick even the audience; the first time we see these women, they are sniffish and refined, saying things like, No, no, no! Foh, foh, foh! (1.1, 7) in the face of incivility. Only a few scenes later do we find them conceding that the crime s the less when not known (2.1, 25). As the play progresses, they seem ever fouler, not caring that Horner is carrying on with all three of them at once. These pretenders to honor turn out to be the most vulgar characters in the play. .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e , .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .postImageUrl , .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e , .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:hover , .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:visited , .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:active { border:0!important; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:active , .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5de3f2dfe502392c2c9bed5739df182e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry The Endangered Art EssayTheir opposite in pretense, oddly enough, is Horner, who, in order to have access to women without suspicion, starts a rumor that he is a eunuch. He endures the mockery of Sir Jasper Fidget, but receives the praise and favors of Lady Fidget for his willingness to, suffer self the greatest shame that could fall upon a man, that none might fall upon us (2.1, 28) which is true, even if it makes him appear more selfless than he is. Horner even risks his life later on to protect Mrs. Pinchwife, who loves him, from the wrath of her husband; he must save mistresscome what will ont (5.4, 80). Horner not only deceives husbands in appearing impotent, but is in some respects morally ambiguous, a more decent person than he first seems to us. Horner and his mistresses conceal themselves throughout the play, but other characters wear literal disguises. Mr. Pinchwife, for example, makes his wife sit with the prostitutes in the theatre, so that nobody will think her married to him, and that is precisely when Horner first sees her. Pinchwife next has Margery dress as a man when she goes out, to keep men from seducing her, but Horner sees through the disguise at once and uses it as an opportunity to kiss her without her husbands being able to protest. This pretense soon leads to another, in which Pinchwife leads his wife, whom he takes to be his sister, to an assignation with Horner. All of Margery Pinchwifes disguises bring her closer to an affair, and the audience cannot help but cheer her on and smile each time the tyrannical Mr. Pinchwife draws her closer to Horner. Not all such tricks lead to illicit affairs. Harcourt, hoping to wed Alithea, dresses up as a priest in order to marry her to Sparkish, her fianc. He speaks to Alithea in ostensibly religious but obviously amorous addresses, such as With all my soul, divine, heavenly creature, when you please (4.1, 48) and in departure from an ancient convention of stage disguise, she sees through the costume but cannot persuade Sparkish that Harcourt is the priest. Sparkishs obtuseness helps Alithea later, when he tells her he married her for money. The upright Alithea is shocked at his pretense, and the marriages invalidity allows her to wed Harcourt. The deception leads to a happy ending, but although we know Sparkish to be cowardly and stupid, we could not be sure until now that he did not love Alithea. Harcourts trick works because he is in a comedy, not because he knew (although he says so to Alithea) that he is saving her from a loveless marriage.

New York Times Company Overview

Company Overview The New York Times Company (NYT), formed on 1896, is a diversified media company that has stake in newspaper, Internet business, paper mills, and others (NYT, 2010). In 14 January 1969, NYT’s stock was first listed on American Stock Exchange (NYT, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on New York Times Company Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Throughout the 1980 to 2010 NYT expanded aggressively through series of mergers and acquisitions a few prominent of which are 2002 investment in Discovery Times Channel, 1991 acquisition of International Herald Tribune, 1981 acquisition of New York Time Daily Cable TV, acquisition of Times Daily, Daily World, The Messenger, etc. in 1982, and many others. The Boston Globe was launched on 30 October 1995. More recently in 2006, it acquired Baseline Studio System and Calorie-Count.com. In 2007, NYT formed a strategic alliance with Monster Worldwide for recruitment advertisements and acquired ConsumerSearch.com and UCompareHealthCare.com. Therefore, the company has undergone a series of changes within its businesses and strategy as it shifted its focus from the more print oriented media business to Internet based media as it started acquiring more of the .com companies with the advent of twenty-first century. Business Overview NYT is a diversified media company that has operated in the Unites States of America. In 2009, the revenue of the company was $2.4 billion. Broadly, it has two operating segments – News Media and the About Group (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The Media segment of the business has New York Times Media Group, Regional Media Groups, and New England Media Groups (Yahoo Finance, 2011; NYT, 2011). The New York Times Media Group comprises of the New York Times (a daily newspaper), International Herald Tribune (a daily newspaper), and NYTimes.com. The other areas of business under the group are Digital Archives Distribution, New York Times Index, and New York Times News Service Division. The New York Times New Service transmits photographs and news articles for The Times, the Globe, and other newspaper publications. It also delivers content for Epsilen, LLC, etc which are websites that provide education solutions. It also distributes content for social networking websites, mobile applications, digital platforms, and owns the Baseline StudioSystem, which is a website that provides database and research services to its subscribers (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The Regional Media Groups consists of 14 regional newspapers being printed and distributed under its wing (Yahoo Finance, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It operates in the state of Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The New England Media Group operates the Boston Glob e (a daily newspaper) and Boston.com (Yahoo Finance, 2011) and it has one newspaper under its wing i.e. the Herald Tribune (NYT, 2011). Figure 1 presents a more elaborate description of the business segments of NYT. The About groups of the company operates other segments like the online business of the company that includes UCompareHealth.com, ConsumerSearch.com and CalorieCount.about.com, etc. other than these the company also holds stake in Canadian newsprint company, Metro Boston LLC that publishes daily newspaper, New England Sports Network, etc. (Yahoo Finance, 2011). Figure 1: Business Segment of New York Times Company The News Media Group Segment’s revenue is derived mostly from advertisements in newspapers and other online media (NYT, 2010). In 2010, the overall revenue of company was $2.39 billion (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The quarterly revenue fell by 2.9 percent in 2010 (Yahoo Finance, 2011). There was a gross profit margin of $1.42 billion (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The profit margin of the company was 4.5 percent in 2010 and operating margin was 10.72 percent (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The source of revenue of the company has been dramatically diversified as compared to the 2005. In 2005 the revenue earned was mostly from the print advertisements and circulation that comprised of 61 and 27 percent of the revenue respectively. However, that of digital advertisement was just 5 percent. In 2010, the share of print advertisement and circulation in revenue fell to 39 and 40 percent while that of digital advertisement increased to 14 percent (NYT, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on New York Times Company Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was an increase in digital revenue as a percentage of total revenue that increased from 12 percent in 2008 to 14 percent in 2009 to 16 percent in 2010 (NYT, 2010). From the above overview, it is clear that the NYT belongs to the newspaper publishing services industry. the performance of NYT as compared to the industry is it ranks 71 in the industry (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The main competitors of NYT are Gannett Co. Inc. (GCI), News Corp. (NWS), and Washington Post Company (WPO). As compared to its competitors, the revenue earned by NYT in 2010 is much less than that of GCI that is at $5.44 billion, NWS at $33.08 billion and WPO at $4.9 billion (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The number of employees working with NYT is 3,222 (NYT, 2010), and that with NWS is 51,000 and WPO is 21,500 (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The net income of NYT therefore is much less than its competitors that were $107.69 million in 2010 (Yahoo Finance, 2011). NYT is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The main strategies followed by the company are to diversify its revenue with increased focused on online and digital business segment. It also aims to increase and leverage the strength of the New York Times brand and increase profi tability of the circulation revenue. Further, the company aims at increasing their performance on cost and strengthens the core business areas of the company. (NYT, 2011) Figure 2 shows the performance of the NYT’s stocks in the financial market in 1986 through 2010. The stock prices increased throughout the 1990s. it peaked in 2004. Since 2005, there has been a fall in the prices of the stock. The figure clearly shows that the prices of the company stock increased significantly in May 2010 after which it fell considerably. The stock prices hit rock bottom in 2009 due to the recession. Figure 2: Stock Prices of NYT, source Yahoo! Finance Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The New York Times is one of the leading media companies of the US. Though compared to its competitors it lacks the scale and revenue of the giants, still it is competitive to them in terms of gross and operating margin. The company has not been performing too well due to its declining stock prices since 2005. That is why in 2009 when the stock prices fell to the maximum limit, the company adopted a strategy to diversify and therefore concentrated more on the digital revenue than on print-based revenue. This strategy reaped some success as indicated through the increasing stock prices. References NYT. (2011). About the Company. Web. NYT. (2010). Annual Report 2009. Web. NYT. (2010, December 7). UBS 38th Annual Global Media and Communications Conference. Web. Yahoo Finance. (2011, February 14). The New York Times Company (NYT). Web. This research paper on New York Times Company Overview was written and submitted by user Haylie Olson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.